PAPER — II: HISTORY, CULTURE AND GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA AND ANDHRA PRADESH
Marks — 150 Medium: English / Telugu Time- 150 Minutes
- A. History and Culture of India:
- 1. Pre-Historic Cultures in India: Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic Culture, Mahajanapadas, Emergence of New Religions (Jainism, Buddhism), Rise of Magadha and Age of the Mauryas, Ashoka Dharma, Foreign Invasions, The Kushans.
- The Satavahanas, the Sangam Age in South India, the Sungas, the Guptas, the Kanauj and their Contributions, Historical Accounts of Foreign Travelers, Early Educational Institutions.
- 2. The Pallavas, Badami Chalukyas, Eastern Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Kalyani Chalukyas and Cholas — Socio-Cultural Contributions, Language, Literature, Art and Architecture; Delhi Sultanates; Advent of Islam and its Impact; Religious Movements like Bhakti and Sufi.
- Growth of Vernacular Languages, Scripts, Literature, Fine Arts; Socio-Cultural Conditions of Kakatiyas, Vijayanagaras, Bahmanis, Qutubsahis and contemporary South Indian kingdoms.
- 3. The Mughals: Administration, Socio-Religious life and Cultural developments; Shivaji and Rise of Maratha Empire; Advent of Europeans in India; Trade practices; Rise of East India Company and its Hegemony; Changes in Administration, Social and Cultural spheres; Role of Christian Missionaries.
- 4. Rise of British rule in India (1757–1856); Land Revenue Settlements (Permanent, Ryotwari, Mahalwari); 1857 Revolt and its Impact; Education, Press, Cultural changes; Rise of National Consciousness; Socio-Religious Reform Movements (Rajaram Mohan Roy, Dayananda Saraswathi, Swamy Vivekananda, Annie Besant, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan).
- Rise of Indian Nationalism: Activities of Indian National Congress, Vandemataram, Home Rule Movements, Self Respect Movement, Role of Mahatma Gandhi, Subhash Chandra Bose, Vallabai Patel, Satyagraha, Quit India Movement, Dr B.R. Ambedkar and his Contributions.
- 5. Indian Nationalism in three phases: Freedom Struggle 1885–1905, 1905–1920, Gandhi Phase 1920–1947; Peasant, Women, Tribal and Workers Movements; Role of Different parties in Freedom Struggle; Local and Regional Movements; Inter Religious Unity and Communalism; Independence and Partition of India; India after Independence: Rehabilitation, Linguistic Re-organization, Integration of States, Indian Constitution, Economic policies, Foreign Policy Initiatives.
- B. History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh:
- 6. Ancient: Satavahanas, Ikshvakus, Salankayanas, Pallavas, Vishnukundins — Social and Economic Conditions, Religion, Language (Telugu), Literature, Art and Architecture, Jainism and Buddhism; Eastern Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Renati Cholas — Socio-Cultural life, Telugu Script, Language, Literature, Art and Architecture.
- 7. Medieval: Socio-Cultural and Religious Conditions (1000–1565 A.D.); Antiquity, Growth of Telugu Language and Literature (Kavitraya, Ashtadiggajas); Fine Arts, Art & Architecture of Kakatiyas, Reddis, Gajapatis, Vijayanagaras and their feudatories; Historical Monuments; Contribution of Qutubshahis; Regional Literature (Praja Kavi – Vemana and others).
- 8. Modern: European Trade Establishments in Andhra, Andhra under Company Rule, Role of Christian Missionaries, Socio-Cultural and Literary Awakening (C.P. Brown, Thamos Munro, Mackenzie), Zamindary and Poligary System, Native States, Little Kings; Role of Social Reformers (Gurajada Apparao, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Raghupati Venkataratnam Naidu, Gidugu Ramamurthy, Annie Besant); Library Movement; Role of Newspapers; Folk and Tribal Culture; Role of Women.
- 9. Nationalist Movement: Role of Andhra leaders, Justice Party, Non-Brahmin Movement, Nationalist and Revolutionary Literature (Gurram Jashva, Boyi Bheemanna, Sri Sri, Garimella Satyanarayana, Rayaprolu Subbarao, Unnava Lakshminarayana, Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Choudhary); Andhra Mahasabhas, Andhra Movement; Prominent leaders (Alluri Sitaramraju, Duggirala Gopalakrishnaiah, Konda Venkatappayya, Pattabhi Seetaramaiah, Ponaka Kanakamma, Dokka Sitamma); Grandhalaya Movement; Formation of Andhra State (1953), Emergence of Andhra Pradesh (1956), Andhra Pradesh 1956–2014; Causes for Bifurcation, Impact of 2nd June 2014.
- 10. Andhra Pradesh: Bifurcation impact on Administrative, Economic, Social, Political, Cultural, Legal aspects; Loss of Capital City, Building of New Capital and financial implications; Division of Employees; Effect on Trade & Commerce, Industry; Implications on State Government finances; Developmental Opportunities; Socio-Economic, Cultural, Demographic impact; River water sharing issues; Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014.
- C. Geography: India and Andhra Pradesh
- 11. Physical Features and Resources: Major landforms, Climatic changes, Soil types, Rivers, Water, Streams, Geology, Rocks, Mineral Resources, Metals, Clays, Construction Materials, Reservoirs, Dams, Forests, Mountains, Hills, Flora and fauna, Plateau Forests, Hill Forests, Vegetation Classification.
- 12. Economic Geography: Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, Fishery, Quarrying, Mining, Household Manufacturing, Industries — Agro, Mineral, Forest, Fuel and Manpower, Trade and Commerce, Communication, Road Transport, Storage, and others.
- 13. Social Geography: Population Movements and Distribution, Human Habitations, Density, Age, Sex, Rural, Urban, Race, Caste, Tribe, Religion, Linguistic, Urban Migration, Education Characteristics.
- 14. Fauna and Floral Geography: Wild Animals, Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Mammals, Trees and Plants.
- 15. Environmental Geography: Sustainable Development, Globalization, Temperature, Humidity, Cloudiness, Winds, Special Weather Phenomena, Natural Hazards — Earthquakes, Landslides, Floods, Cyclones, Cloud Burst, Disaster Management, Impact Assessment, Environmental Pollution, Pollution Management.
